QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
The prediction of Quantum mechanics are weird which is against Einstein's relativity theory. According to Einstein, everything in the universe is absolute whether we observe it or not. But quantum mechanics says that nothing in this universe is absolute unless we observe it or measure it.
In order to disprove the principles of quantum mechanics, Einstein along with his colleagues Podolsky and Rosen performed a thought experiment called EPR paradox. But their experiment gave birth to a unique phenomenon called Quantum Entanglement.
To understand Quantum Entanglement, let us consider an energetic particle photon. This photon is converted to mass by using Einstein's mass energy equivalence. Since charge of a photon particle is zero, if we remove an electron from the photon, another particle positron is formed whose charge is opposite to that of an electron as the total charge of the photon is zero. So, here we can call the electron and positron to be entangled particles.
Again, we know that a photon particle has zero spin. So, if the spin of the electron formed from the photon particle is up, then the spin of the positron must be down so that the total spin is conserved. But, according to Quantum mechanics, unless we observe the electron and positron, they will remain in their both possible states, i.e, both up and down spin. When the electron is observed, the wave functions get collapse and we get only one possible spin. If the electron is observed to be in the up spin, then it is obvious that the spin of the positron must be down.
If we talk about the entangled state, the two particles present in that state are linked with each other in such a way that both the particles exist only in combined state.
To understand more about the entangled particles, let's take an example. We take two dice and consider that the sum of the resultant outcome of the two must be seven. When we toss the dice in air, both of them remain in all its six possible states. But as the dice becomes stationary, only one state appears. If one dice shows the outcome of six, the other must be one as the sum of the resultant outcome must be seven. So, without observing the second dice, we can easily determine its outcome. Hence, the two dice are said to be in entangled state.
The entangled particles always remain in combined state independent of the distance between them and the information is transferred instantaneously between the two. Even if the two particles are placed in opposite ends of the universe, the information is transferred instantly with a speed of thousand times more than the of speed of light. However, Einstein wasn't convinced with this theory as it violates his special relativity and he called it as paradox.
Though, Einstein agreed that whatever the distance between the two particles, if the state of one particle is determined, we can instantly find the state of the other. But, according to Einstein, the information need not be transferred because the state of the particles is absolute and distance doesn't even matter in that. However, according to Quantum mechanics, the particles state is not absolute and it remains in it's all possible states unless we observe it. So, Einstein called this action as 'Spooky action at a distance'.
This doesn't mean that Einstein's special relativity is incorrect which says that nothing in this universe can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum. It is yet to be discovered the medium through which the information is transferred between the entangled particles. It might be worm hole or any other medium.
In order to disprove the principles of quantum mechanics, Einstein along with his colleagues Podolsky and Rosen performed a thought experiment called EPR paradox. But their experiment gave birth to a unique phenomenon called Quantum Entanglement.
To understand Quantum Entanglement, let us consider an energetic particle photon. This photon is converted to mass by using Einstein's mass energy equivalence. Since charge of a photon particle is zero, if we remove an electron from the photon, another particle positron is formed whose charge is opposite to that of an electron as the total charge of the photon is zero. So, here we can call the electron and positron to be entangled particles.
Again, we know that a photon particle has zero spin. So, if the spin of the electron formed from the photon particle is up, then the spin of the positron must be down so that the total spin is conserved. But, according to Quantum mechanics, unless we observe the electron and positron, they will remain in their both possible states, i.e, both up and down spin. When the electron is observed, the wave functions get collapse and we get only one possible spin. If the electron is observed to be in the up spin, then it is obvious that the spin of the positron must be down.
If we talk about the entangled state, the two particles present in that state are linked with each other in such a way that both the particles exist only in combined state.
To understand more about the entangled particles, let's take an example. We take two dice and consider that the sum of the resultant outcome of the two must be seven. When we toss the dice in air, both of them remain in all its six possible states. But as the dice becomes stationary, only one state appears. If one dice shows the outcome of six, the other must be one as the sum of the resultant outcome must be seven. So, without observing the second dice, we can easily determine its outcome. Hence, the two dice are said to be in entangled state.
The entangled particles always remain in combined state independent of the distance between them and the information is transferred instantaneously between the two. Even if the two particles are placed in opposite ends of the universe, the information is transferred instantly with a speed of thousand times more than the of speed of light. However, Einstein wasn't convinced with this theory as it violates his special relativity and he called it as paradox.
Though, Einstein agreed that whatever the distance between the two particles, if the state of one particle is determined, we can instantly find the state of the other. But, according to Einstein, the information need not be transferred because the state of the particles is absolute and distance doesn't even matter in that. However, according to Quantum mechanics, the particles state is not absolute and it remains in it's all possible states unless we observe it. So, Einstein called this action as 'Spooky action at a distance'.
This doesn't mean that Einstein's special relativity is incorrect which says that nothing in this universe can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum. It is yet to be discovered the medium through which the information is transferred between the entangled particles. It might be worm hole or any other medium.
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